小词详解 | bout
bout 英 [baʊt] 美 [baʊt]
TEM8 GMAT GRE
外刊例句
Despite a recent bout of weakness, the dollar still looks strong.
尽管美元近期走软,但看起来依然相当坚挺。
——《经济学人》The main charge by Onaruto and Hashimoto was that sumo is frequently rigged. And they stunned readers by naming names and admitting that they themselves had helped fix bouts.
大鸣户和桥本主要指控相扑比赛经常作弊,令读者吃惊的是他们不但指名道姓,而且坦率承认曾参与作弊。
——《时代周刊》
基本释义
[noun] a short period of intense activity of a specified kind
[名词] 特定类型的短期剧烈活动
深入解读
Bout 既是一个比熟词 about 少一个字母 a 的单词,也是一个与熟词 boat 十分形似的单词。
该词源自中古英语 bought (弯道),原是英语方言表示耕地等的“一个来回”。等到了16世纪70年代后, bout 开始用来表示任何类型的运动中的“一轮、一个回合”。
特别是到了16世纪90年代后开始用来表示拳击、摔跤等的“比赛”,也就是从一轮或一个回合的搏斗引申而来,比如:
这位勤奋努力的选手是前重量级冠军,预计会轻松拿下这场比赛。
The industrious player is a former heavyweight champion and is expected to win the bout easily.
除此之外, bout 现在主要泛指“一阵、一场、一段、一通”,尤指某个不好的事情在一小段时间内剧烈活动或大量发生,既包括疯狂饮酒,也可以指疾病、不愉快情绪等的“发作”,比如:
狂饮一通后,他透露了这个秘密。
After a drinking bout, he divulged the secret.她丈夫的英年早逝使她悲痛万分。现在她动不动就会突然抑郁症发作。
Her husband's early demise anguished her deeply. Now she is prone to sudden bouts of depression.
名著用例
He felt weak and shivery, as though he were recovering from a bad bout of flu; he also felt the beginnings of shame.
他觉得软弱无力,还发抖,好像是在一场厉害的流感之后刚恢复过来;他也开始觉得不好意思。
出自英国作家J·K·罗琳的奇幻小说《哈利·波特》系列的第三本《哈利·波特与阿兹卡班囚徒》(Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban)。
同近义词
stint: a person's fixed or allotted period of work
往期回顾